ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION, dosage / sachet or tablet to give 1 liter solution, ATC Code A07CA

Active Ingredients: Glucose Anhydrous, Sodium Chloride, Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate, Potassium Chloride

Oral Rehydration Salts are a fluid replacement therapy used to treat or prevent dehydration, including dehydration due to diarrhea. Oral rehydration therapy can decrease the risk of death from diarrhea significantly. It is considered safe, effective, and less invasive than other methods of rehydration therapy.

Oral Rehydration Salts are a combination of glucose (sugar) and electrolytes (salts). They work by utilizing the sodium-glucose co-transport mechanism present in the intestines. This mechanism allows for the efficient absorption of salt and water into the bloodstream, helping to replenish the body's fluid and electrolyte levels that are depleted during dehydration. The presence of glucose enhances the absorption of sodium and, consequently, water, making ORS an effective way to rehydrate.

The composition of ORS is carefully balanced to closely match the body's natural fluid composition. This balance is critical for ensuring that the therapy treats dehydration without causing an imbalance in blood sugar or electrolyte levels. The standard ORS formula recommended by the World Health Organization contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, trisodium citrate dihydrate, and glucose anhydrous.

Due to its effectiveness and ease of administration, ORS is widely used in various settings, particularly in developing countries where access to medical care may be limited. It is commonly used in the management of dehydration caused by diarrhea, which can be life-threatening, especially in young children and the elderly. ORS is also used in situations of excessive fluid loss, such as in heatstroke or vigorous exercise, making it a versatile tool in both clinical and non-clinical settings.